Ingredient Substitutions

1/4 cup white vinegar

1 Tbsp cider vinegar

1 cup beef broth, or apple cider

1/4 cup finely crushed cracker crumbs or corn flakes

1 cup granulated sugar + 2 Tbsp molasses or dark corn syrup

1 cup granulated sugar + 1/4 cup water

1 cup light corn syrup

or 3/4 cup light corn syrup + 1/4 cup molasses

or 1 cup maple-flavored syrup

2 Tbsp all-purpose flour

or 1 Tbsp potato or rice starch

or 1 Tbsp arrowroot

or 4 tsp. instant tapioca

7/8 cup whole milk + 2 Tbsp melted unsalted butter

2/3 cup whole milk + 1/3 cup melted unsalted butter creme fresh 1 cup sour cream

or 1 cup whipping cream + 1 Tbsp buttermilk or yogurt

or 1/2 cup whipping cream + 1/2 cup sour cream

or 1 cup mascarpone cheese

3/4 cup milk and 3 tbsp butter or margarine (for use in cooking or baking)

OR 1 cup evaporated milk, undiluted

Chill a 13-oz can of evaporated milk until ice crystals form. Add 1 tsp lemon juice. Whip until stiff.

1 cup raisins

or 1 cup chopped dates

or 1 cup other dried fruit (cranberries, blueberries, cherries)

1 cup + 2 Tbsp cake flour

Note: Substitutes for white flours added to most baked goods will result in a reduced volume and a heavier product. Substitute no more than 1/4 of white flour in a cake to ensure success. In other recipes you can substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 of white flour.

1 cup minus 2 Tbsp all-purpose flour

Note: Substitutes for white flours added to most baked goods will result in a reduced volume and a heavier product. Substitute no more than 1/4 of white flour in a cake to ensure success. In other recipes you can substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 of white flour.

1 cup all-purpose flour + 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder + 1/2 tsp. salt

Note: Substitutes for white flours added to most baked goods will result in a reduced volume and a heavier product. Substitute no more than 1/4 of white flour in a cake to ensure success. In other recipes you can substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 of white flour.

1/8 tsp. garlic powder

or 1/4 tsp. instant minced garlic

1/8 tsp garlic powder plus 7/8 tsp salt

1 Tbsp candied ginger; rinsed and finely chopped

or 1 1/2 tsp. dry ground ginger + 1/2 tsp. lemon juice

1 tsp. of the same dry herb

3/4 cup dark corn syrup + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar

or 3/4 cup maple syrup + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar

or 3/4 cup light molasses + 1/2 cup granulated white sugar

or 1 1/4 cup sugar + 1/2 tsp. cream of tartar + 1/4 cup liquid called for in recipe

1 cup tomato sauce, 1/4 cup brown sugar, and 2 tbsp vinegar (for use in cooking)

1 Tbsp bottled lemon juice, lime juice or white vinegar

1 tsp. lime or orange zest

or 1/2 tsp. lemon extract

1 Tbsp lemon or orange juice

1 tsp. lemon or orange zest

8-10 regular marshmallows

1/3 cup powdered milk + 3/4 cup water

1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water

or 1 cup skim milk + 1 Tbsp melted butter

1 cup honey, dark corn syrup or maple syrup

or 3/4 cup brown sugar heated to dissolve in 1/4 cup liquid

1 tsp. ground mustard

1 cup melted butter, margarine, or shortening depending on the recipe

rehydrate 1 tbsp instant minced onion

1 cup reconstituted frozen concentrate

1 tsp. lemon or lime zest

or 1 tsp. finely chopped candied orange peel

1/2 tsp. ground sage + 1/4 tsp. ground thyme + 1/4 tsp. ground rosemary

1/2 tsp. cinnamon + 1/4 tsp. ginger + 1/8 tsp. nutmeg + 1/8 tsp. cloves

1 cup butter or margarine. Do not substitute oil for shortening

1 cup plain yogurt

1/2 cup dark brown sugar + 1/2 cup white sugar

1 cup firmly packed brown sugar

1/2 cup tomato sauce + 1/2 cup water

1 cup tomato sauce cooked until reduced by 1/2

3/4 cup tomato paste + 1 cup water

1 1/3 cup fresh cut-up tomatoes; simmered 10 minutes

1 cup corn syrup (light or dark) or light molasses

1/4 cup apple cider vinegar

or 1/3 cup lemon juice

1 cup apple cider, beef broth, tomato juice or water

1 cup white grape juice, apple juice, chicken broth or water

1 cup sour cream, buttermilk, or creme fresh

or 1 cup heavy whipping cream + 1 Tbsp lemon juice

1 Tbsp cornstarch, potato starch, or rice starch

or 2 Tbsp all-purpose flour

1/2 tsp. cream of tartar + 1/4 tsp. baking soda + 1/4 tsp. cornstarch

2 tsp. baking powder (must replace the acidic liquid in recipe with non-acidic liquid)

7/8 cup vegetable oil

1 cup plain yogurt

or 1 Tbsp white vinegar or lemon juice and enough milk to equal 1 cup; let stand for a few minutes

12 Tbsp cocoa powder + 4 Tbsp butter

2 oz unsweetened chocolate + 4 Tbsp sugar

1/4 cup cocoa powder + 1/3 cup sugar + 3 Tbsp shortening

chop a bar of chocolate into small chunks

1/2 tsp. white vinegar or lemon juice

1/2 cup evaporated milk + 1/2 cup water

or 1 cup reconstituted dry milk + 2 tsp margarine or butter

1 TBL vinegar + 1 cup sweet milk,

or 1/4 cup butter + 3/4 cup milk

1 TBL all-purpose flour

1 1/4c sugar + 1/4 cup water or other liquid

1/2 tsp cinnamon and 1/2 tsp ground cloves

1/2 tsp cinnamon, 1/4 tsp nutmeg, and 1/8 tsp cardamom

1/4 tsp crushed

2 tsp green onion tops, finely chopped

1 oz (square) unsweetened chocolate (Decrease fat called for in recipe by 1/2 tbsp.)

1 cup whipping cream

2 1/2 cup cooked corn

7/8 cup plain, 1 1/2 tbsp baking powder, and 1/2 tsp salt

1 cup dry bread crumbs

1 tsp bottled steak sauce